Malays. Appl. Biol. (1997) 26(2): 37-41
TIME COURSE OF ABSCISSION AND DEVELOPMENT OF ABSCISSION LAYER OF CHILLI (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L. VAR. KULAI) FLOWERS
USMAN, I.S., MAMAT, A.S., HASSAN, S.A., ANUAR, A.R. and RAMLAN, M.F.*
Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
The abscission tendency of chilli flowers was observed under heat stressed glasshouse condition. Percentage fruit set was 14.2% while the rate of abscission was 85.8%. Rate of flower opening was highest 9 weeks after transplanting (WAT), whereas abscission rate exhibited a peak a week later (10 WAT). Relative abscission was highest during the initial 2 weeks of flowering. Majority of the flowers abscised at the fruit initiation stage (1-7 days after flower opening). Observations under scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed the differentiation of an abscission zone at the junction between the peduncle and the stem. Evidence of abscission by way of cell separation was visible at anthesis. This indicates that the process of abscission preceded the ontogenic changes associated with fruit initiation.
ABSTRAK
Satu kajian telah dijalankan untuk memerhati keupayaan peluruhan bunga cili dalam keadaan rumah kaca yang panas. Peratusan pembentukan buah cili ialah 14.2% yang mewakili jumlah peluruhan 85.8%. Kadar perkembangan bunga memuncak pada 9 minggu selepas diubah manakala kadar keluruhan menunjukkan tahap memuncak seminggu kemudian (10 minggu selepas diubah). Relatif peluruhan adalah tertingggi semasa 2 minggu di awal pembungaan. Kebanyakan bunga luruh semasa permulaan pembentukan bunga (1-7 hari selepas bunga mengembang). Permerhatian melalui 'elektron mikroskop imbasan' menunjukkan perbezaan zon peluruhan berlaku pada pertemuan di antara tangkai bunga dan batang pokok. Peluruhan melalui pembelahan sel boleh dilihat semasa anthesis berlaku. Ini menunjukkan proses peluruhan berlaku selepas perubahan ontogenik yang berkaitan dengan permulaan pembentukan buah.
Key words: Abscission zone, chilli, flowers, fruit set, heat stress
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