Malays. Appl. Biol. (1998) 27(1 & 2): 57-62
INFLUENCE OF HOST FOOD PLANT ON DIADEGMA INSULARE (CRESSON), A PARASITOID OF DIAMONDBACK MOTH, PLUTELLA XYLOSTELLA (L.)
IDRIS BIN ABD. GHANI1* and EDWARD J. GRAFIUS2
1 Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
2 Department of Entomology, Natural Science Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Ml 48824-1J15, USA
ABSTRACT
The influence of host food plants on Diadegma insulare (Cresson), a parasitoid of diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.), was studied. In the laboratory, percent parasitism by D. insulare was lowest on Berteroa incana L. DC. Lepidiun campestre (L.) R. Br., and Erysimum cheiranthoides L. Parasitism was significantly higher when DBM larvae fed on Brassica kaber D.C. Wheeler than on the other wild Brassicaceae. However, there was no significant difference ir percent parasitism when DBM larvae fed on two wild Brassica species (B. kaber and B. nigra L. Koh) and three cultivated Brassica species (broccoli, kale and cauliflower). When parasitised DBM larvae were fed E. cheiranthoides, Thlaspi arvense L., and B. incana, they took significantly longer time to pupate than when fed on other Brassica plants. The female tc male sex ratio of D. insulare emerged from parasitised DBM larvae fed on different Brassica plants differed significantly. In the field, percent parasitism were higher on broccoli than on other Brassica crops. Numbers of parasitoids caught ir traps were not significantly different among crops or sampling dates. This indicated that the parasitoid was evenly distributed in the field and apparently not affected by the volatiles released by the different Brassica species. The impact of D. insulare on DBM population could be increased with the presence of wild Brassicaceae, especially B. kaber and B. vulgaris, in or around the field because these weeds could provide refuge for insecticide-susceptible diamondback motti and nectar sources for D. insulare. This will indirectly improve the integrated DBM management programme in the field.
ABSTRAK
Pengaruh tumbuhan makanan perumah terhadap Diadegma insulare (Cresson), parasitoid larva ulat Plntella, Plutella xylostella (L.), telah dikaji. Hasil kajian di makmal menunjukkan peratus parasitisme oleh D. insulare adalah paling rendah apabila Berteroa incana L. DC., Lepidiwn campestre (L. R. Br., and Erysimum cheiranthoides L. digunakan sebagai makanan larva ulat Plutella. Parasitisme didapati lebih tinggi dengan bererti apabila larva ulat Plutella memakan Brassica kaber D.C. Wheeler berbanding Iain-lain Brassica liar. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak terdapat perbezaan yang bererti bagi peratus parasitisme apabila larva ulat Plutella diberikan makan dua Brassica liar (B. kaber dan B. nigra L. Koch) dan tiga spesies tanaman Brassica (broccoli, kale dan kobis bunga). Apabila E. cheiranthoides, Thlaspi arvense L. dan B. incana diberikan sebagai makanan kepada larva yang telah diparasitkan mereka mengambil masa yang lebih lama untuk membentuk pupa D. insulare dibandingkan apabila Iain-lain Brassicaceae diberikan sebagai makanan. Nisbah seks betina kepada jantan D. insulare dewasa yang terhasil dari larva yang telah diparasitkan setelah diberi makanan yang berlainan menunjukkan terdapat perbezan yang bererti. Hasil kajian di lapangan menunjukkan peratus parasitisme adalah lebih tinggi pada broccoli berbanding tanaman Brassica yang lain. Bilangan parasitoid dewasa yang ditangkap metalui perangkap berpelekat pula menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbezaan yang bererti di antara kultivar Brassica yang ditanam atau tarikh pensampelan dibuat. Ini menunjukkan taburan parasitoid di dalam plot percubaan adalah serata dan seolah-olah tidak dipengaruhi oleh perbezaan kimia vofatil yang terbebas dari kultivar Brassica yang berlainan. Impak D. insulare ke atas populasi ulat Plutella mungkin boleh ditingkatkan dengan kehadiran Brassicaceae liar, terutamanya B. kaber dan B. vulgaris, di dafam atau di sekitar ladang kerana rumpai-rumpai ini boleh menyediakan tempat berlindung untuk ulat Plutella yang sensitif kepada racun serangga dan sumber nektar bagi D. insulare. Ini akan secara tidak langsung memperbaiki program pengurusan bersepadu ulat Plutella di ladang.
Key words: Brassica, Diadegma insulare, Diamondback moth, parasitism, wild weed
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