Malays. Appl. Biol. (2008) 37(1): 11–20
ACTIVATED CHARCOAL IS CRUCIAL FOR SUCCESSFUL MICROPROPAGATION OF RAMBUTAN
(NEPHELIUM LAPPACEUM LINN.)
CHEW, P.C.1, MARDALENI2, NORMAH, M.N.2* and CLYDE, M.M.1
1 School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences 2 School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
*E-mail:
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ABSTRACT
An efficient micropropagation protocol was developed for shoot tips of Nephelium lappaceum Linn., rambutan as a starting point, for in vitro storage and cryopreservation. Activated charcoal (AC) was crucial to the successful culture of rambutan. Shoot tips obtained from adventitious shoots formed on seeds germinated in vitro were cultured on Woody Plant Medium (WPM) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 1.0 mgl-1 gibberellic acid (GA3) with or without AC. Micropropagated shoot tips grew best on 1?2WPM medium with AC. This was reflected by high survival (100%), shoot elongation (95%), and considerably less browning (12.5%) than without AC. Maximum shoot elongation can be obtained on 1?2WPM media with AC, 1.0 mgl-1 GA3, 0 or 1.0 mgl-1 NAA and 6.0 mgl-1 BA. High adventitious shoot formation (48 - 72%) was also observed with this medium combination. Rooting was best (100%) obtained in modified 1?2WPM medium with 1 mgl-1 NAA and AC after 3 weeks of culture. Plantlets were successfully transferred out (87%) to the ex vitro condition using vermiculite as a medium.
ABSTRAK
Satu protokol mikroperambatan untuk hujung pucuk rambutan, Nephelium lappaceum Linn. telah dibangunkan dan boleh dijadikan sebagai satu permulaan ke arah penyimpanan in vitro dan pengkrioawetan. Penggunaan arang teraktif merupakan kunci utama yang menyumbang kepada kejayaan dalam pengkulturan rambutan. Hujung pucuk diperolehi daripada pucuk adventisius yang terhasil daripada pengkulturan biji benih in vitro, dikulturkan atas 1?2 medium ‘Woody Plant Medium’ (WPM) dan 1?2 medium Murashige & Skoog (MS) yang diperkayakan dengan 1.0 mgl-1 asid giberelik (GA3), bersama atau tanpa arang teraktif. Didapati pertumbuhan hujung pucuk pada medium 1?2WPM dengan arang teraktif adalah yang paling baik. Ini jelas digambarkan berdasarkan peratus kemandirian (100%) dan peratus pemanjangan pucuk (95%) yang tinggi serta keperangan yang rendah (12.5%) berbanding medium tanpa arang teraktif. Pemanjangan pucuk yang maksimum dicerap berlaku pada kultur hujung pucuk pada medium 1?2WPM dengan arang teraktif, 1.0 mgl-1 GA3, 0 atau 1.0 mgl-1 NAA dan 6.0 mgl-1 BA. Peratus pembentukan pucuk adventitius yang tinggi (48 - 72%) juga berlaku di kalangan kultur hujung pucuk pada kombinasi medium ini. Pengakaran pada kadar 100% pula dicerap pada kultur hujung pucuk dalam medium 1?2WPM yang diperkayakan dengan 1 mgl-1 NAA dan arang teraktif selepas 3 minggu pengkulturan. Plantlet berjaya dipindah (87%) kepada keadaan ex vitro dalam medium vermikulit.
Key words: in vitro micropropagation, Nephelium, plant growth regulators, shoot tips, recalcitrant
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