Malays. Appl. Biol. (2005) 34(2): 31–41
WEED DIVERSITY OF RICE FIELDS IN FOUR DISTRICTS OF MUDA RICE GRANARY AREA, NORTH-WEST PENINSULAR MALAYSIA
BEGUM, M.1*, JURAIMI, A.S.1, AZMI, M.2, RAJAN, A.1 and SYED-OMAR, S.R.3
1 Department of Crop Science 2 Department of Land Management, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor 3 MARDI, Pulau Pinang
*E-mail:
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
ABSTRACT
A survey was conducted to determine the major weeds of rice fields in 4 districts (District I, II, III and IV) of Muda rice granary area, Peninsular Malaysia, from 5-20 July 2003. Rice fields surveyed covering of 27 farm blocks with 579 fields. A total of 35 weed species belonging to 17 families were recorded, of which 15 species were broadleaved, 10 sedges, 6 grasses and 4 aquatics. Species diversity ranking of weed community for the districts were District-II > District-III > District-IV > District-I. Sorenson’s index of similarity indicated that at least 82.76% of the listed species occurred in 4 districts. Out of 35 infested weed species, 6 species were determined as dominant based on rating score (2 to 5) of weed infestation and percent infested fields (> 40 %). Oryza sativa (weedy rice) ranked top among all districts followed by Leptochloa chinensis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Ischaemum rugosum, Ludwigia hyssopifolia, and Fimbristylis miliacea in the District II, District III and District IV, whereas, in District I Sphenoclea zeylanica was prevalent instead of Ischaemum rugosum.
ABSTRAK
Bancian telah dilakukan untuk menentukan rumpai-rumpai utama di empat daerah kawasan tanaman padi Muda, Semenanjung Malaysia dari 5 hingga 20 Julai 2003. Sebanyak 579 sawah dari 27 blok telah dibanci. Sejumlah 35 spesies rumpai dari 17 famili direkodkan iaitu 15 spesies rumpai berdauan lebar, 10 rusiga, 6 rumput dan 4 akuatik. Kepelbagaian spesies rumpai di setiap daerah mengikut susun atur dari yang lebih tinggi kepada yang rendah ialah Daerah II>Daerah III> Daerah IV>Daerah I. Indek keserupaan Sorenson’s menunjukkan sekurang-kurangnya 82.7% spesies yang disenaraikan terdapat di ke empat-empat daerah yang dikaji. Daripada 35 spesies yang direkodkan 6 spesies dikenalpasti sebagai dominan berdasarkan skor (2 hingga 5) rumpai yang meliputi dan peratus sawah yang diliputi rumpai (> 40%). Oryza sativa (Komplek) (Padi Angin), dikenalpasti sebagai rumpai paling dominan diikuti oleh Leptochloa chinensis, Echinochloa crusgalli, Ischaemum rugosum, Ludwigia hyssopifolia dan Fimbristylis miliacea di Daerah II, III dan IV. Keadaan yang sama juga didapati untuk Daerah I juga mempunyai susun atur yang sama kecuali rumpai Sphenoclea zeylanica lebih utama berbanding Ischaemum rugosum.
Key words: weed diversity, rice, Muda rice granary, Malaysia
REFERRENCES
Azmi, M. 1988. Weed competition in rice production. In: Proceedings, National Seminar and Workshop on Rice field Weed Management, Penang, Malaysia. Malaysian Plant Protection Society. pp. 5.
Azmi, M., Baki, B.B. and Mashhor, M. 1993. Weed communities in principal rice growing areas in Peninsular Malaysia. MARDI Report No. 165, pp.1-16.
Azmi, M. 1994. Biology and control of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. in direct seeded rice. Ph.D. Thesis, p. 333. Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Azmi, M. and Mashhor, M. 1995. Weed succession from transplanting to direct- seeding method in Kemubu rice area, Malaysia. Journal of Bioscience, 6(2): 143-154.
Azmi, M. and Mashhor, M. 1996. Effect of continuous direct seeding on weed species diversity in Seberang Perai rice granary, Malaysia. MARDI Research Journal, 24(1): 93-105.
Azmi, M. (2002) Weed succession as affected by repeated application of the same herbicide in direct-seeded rice. Journal of Tropical Agriculture and Food Scence, 30(2): 151-161.
Bernasor, P.C. and De Datta, S.K. 1983. Integration of cultural management and chemical control on weeds in broadcast- seeded flooded rice. In: Proceedings of 9 th Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 137-155.
Bhan, V.M. 1983. Effect of hydrology, soil moisture regimes, and fertility management on weed populations and their control in rice. In: Weed Control in Rice. International Rice Research Institute. pp. 47-56. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
Chancellor, R.J. and Froud-Williams, R.J. 1982. A survey of grass weeds in central southern England. Weed Research, 22: 163-171.
Chancellor, R.J. and Froud-Williams, R.J. 1984. A second survey of cereal weeds in central southern England. Weed Research, 24: 29-36.
De Datta, S.K. 1988. Overviews of rice weed management in tropical rice. In Proceedings of National Seminar and Workshop on Rice Field Weed Management. Y.M. Lam, A.W. Cheong and M. Azmi (eds.). Penang, Malaysia. pp. 1- 24.
De Datta, S.K. 1990. Strategic weed research for relevant rice technology. In: Proceedings of the third Tropical Weed Science Conference. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 277-286.
Elazegul, F.A.,J., Bandong, J., Estorninos, L Jonson, I. Teng, P.S., Shepard, B.M., Litsinger, J.A., Moody, K. and Hibino, H. 1990. Methodology used in the IRRI integrated pest survey. In: International Rice Research Institute. Crop loss assessment in rice. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. pp. 243- 271.
Froud-Williams, R.J. and Chancellor, R.J. 1987. A survey of weeds of oilseed rape in central southern England. Weed Research, 27: 187- 194.
Goldsmith, F.B., Harisson C.M. and Morton, A.J. 1986. Description and analysis of vegetation. In: Methods in Plant Ecology. P.D. Moore and S.B.Chapman (eds). London. Blackwell Scientific Publication. pp. 437-521.
Holzner, W. 1982. Weeds as indicators. In Biology and Ecology of Weeds (Holzner W. and Numata, N. ed.), The Hague. Dr W. Junk Publ. pp. 187-190.
Ho, N.K., 1984. An overview of weed problems in the Muda irrigation scheme of Malaysia. MADA Monograph No. 44. Muda Agricultural Development Authority, Alor Setar, Malaysia, pp. 97.
Ho, N.K. and Zuki, I. Md. 1988. Weed population change from transplanted to direct seeded rice in the Muda area. In: Proceeding of the National Seminar and Workshop on Rice field Weed Management, Penang, Malaysia. pp. 55-67.
Ho, N.K. and Zainuddin, Z. 1995. Integrated weed management in dry-seeded rice in the Muda area, Malaysia. Paper presented at the Agricultural Extension Meeting, Muda Agricultural Development Authority (MADA) Alor Setar, Malaysia. p.14.
Ho, N.K. and Zakaria, Z. 1995. Integrated weed management (IWM) on dry-seeded rice in the Muda Area, Malaysia. Paper presentation at the Agricultural Extension Meeting, 14 March, 1995. Muda agricultural Development Authority (MADA). Alor Setar. P.18.
Janiya, J.D. and Moody K. 1983. Weed growth and yield of two rice crops grown in sequence in three rainfed locations in the Philippines. Philippine Agriculturist, 66: 90-101.
Janiya, J.D. and Moody, K. 1989. Weed populations in transplanted and wet-seeded rice as affected by weed control method. Tropical Weed Management, 35(1): 8-11.
Kuan, C.Y. Ann, L.S. Ismail, A.A., Leng, T. Fee, C.G. and Hashim, K. 1990. Crop loss by weeds in Malaysia. In: Proceeding, Third Tropical Weed Science Conference, held at Hilton Hotel, Kuala Lumpur, 4-6 December, 1990, pp. 1-21.
Mabbayad, M.O., Pablico, P.P. and Moody, K. 1983. The effect of time and method of land preparation on weed populations in rice. In: Proceedings of 9th Asian-Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, pp. 357-368.
Moody, K. and De Datta, S.K. 1982. Integration of weed control practices of rice in tropical Asia. In: Weed Control in Small Farms, (Soerjani, M. et al. (eds.)) BIOTROP Special Publication, No. 15, pp.34-47.
Moody, K. and Drost, D.C. 1983. The role of cropping systems on weeds in rice. In: Weed control in rice. Los Banos, Laguna, Phillipines International Rice Research Institute. pp. 74- 88.
Moody, K. 1990. Pest interaction in rice in the Philippines. In Pest Management in Rice, (Grayson, B.T., Green, M.B. and copping, L.G., ed.). New York Soc. of Chem. Industr. and Elsevier Appl. Sci. pp. 269-299.
Mortimer, M., Pandey, S. and Piggin, C. 2000. Weedy rice: approaches to ecological appraisal and implications for research priorities. In: Proceedings of Wild and Weedy Rice in Rice Ecosystems in Asia – A Review (ed. by Baki, B.B., Chin D.V. and Mortimer, M.) International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines, 97-105.
Pane, H. 1997. Studies on ecology and biology of red sprangletop [Leptochloa chinensis) (L.) Nees] and its management in direct seeded rice. Ph. D. Thesis. Universiti Sains Malaysia. p. 41-60.
Pablico, P.P and Moody, K. 1985. A survey of lowland rice (Oryza sativa) weeds in central and southern Luzon, Philippines. Philippines Journal of Weed Science, 12: 44-55.
Supaad, M.A., Suhaimi, O. and Cheong, A.W. 1991. Direct seeding practices and its implication on national productivity. Teknologi Padi, 6: 1-8.
Suhaimi,O., Mohd Aris, J. and Ismail, A.B. 1987. Agroclimatic environment and productivity of major rice growing areas in Peninsular Malaysia. In: Proceedings of the National Rice Conference, 20 -22nd January, 1986, MARDI, Serdang, pp.65-85.
Tomita, S., Nawata, E., Kono, Y., Nagata, Y., Noichana, C., Sributta, A. and Inamura, T. 2003. Differences in weed vegetation in response to cultivating methods and water conditions in rainfed paddy fields in north- east Thailand. Weed Biology and Management, 3: 117-127.
Vaughan, D.A, Zain, A.M., Watanabe, H. and Okuno, K. 2003. Relationship between wild, weedy and cultivated rice in Malaysia. IPM activities in Malaysia. (ss.jircas.affrc.go.jp./ engpage/annualreport/1995).
Watanbe, Y. and Azmi, M. 1995. Weed seed bank, longevity and dormancy in relation to weed management in rice. In: Weed management in rice production. H.R. Papusas and K.L. Heong (eds.). International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. pp. 253-266.
Watanabe, H., Zuki, Md. and Ho, N.K. 1997. Response of 2,4-D resistant biotype of Fimbristylis miliacea (L.) Vahl. to 2,4-D dimethylamine and its distribution in Muda plain, Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Weed Science and Technology, 42(3): 240-249.
Watson, A.K., Mabbayad, M.O., Zhang, W., Masankay-Watson, R.F., Deluna-Coutere, L.Z., Yandoc, C.B., Paulitz, T.C. and Mortimer, A.M. 1997. Progress of a biological weed control project in rice-based cropping systems in Southeast Asia. In: Proceedings of Sixteenth Asian Pacific Weed Science Society Conference, ed. Rajan, A. A Malaysian Plant Protection Society, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, pp. 342-344.
