Malays. Appl. Biol. (2005) 34(2):75–82
COMPARISON OF MODERN AND TRADITIONAL PIG WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN SERIAN, SARAWAK
AINON, H.1*, MOHD-JEFRIN, A. A.2 and LING T. Y.3
1 School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor.
2 Natural Resources and Environmental Board, Kuching, Sarawak 3 Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.
*E-mail:
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
ABSTRACT
Pig farming is an important industry in Sarawak. Efforts have been made by pig farmers to treat pig wastewater by installation of oxidation ponds. However, little information is available on the effectiveness of the ponds installed. In this study, wastewater quality was investigated in two pig farms in Serian, Sarawak. Farms selected were a farm with 8,000 standing pig population (SPP) uses multiple pond system (TB farm) and another farm with 800 SPP use only one pond system (HB farm). The oxidation ponds of TB farm reduced TSS, BOD5, COD, and NH3-N by 54%, 39%, 35% and 56%, respectively, whereas in HB farm reductions were 29%, 15%, 10% and 9%, respectively. DO concentrations for TB farm and HB farm increased 40% and 13%, respectively. Nitrate was reduced at 65% in the water samples of TB farm but there was an increase of 11% in the HB farm effluent. Even though TB farm has ten times more SPP than HB farms, the final discharge from TB farm was of significantly better water quality than that of HB farm. It is recommended that at least three ponds of appropriate size with separator be installed for the treatment of pig farm wastewater before being discharged into the river.
ABSTRAK
Penternakan babi adalah satu industri yang penting di Sarawak. Pelbagai usaha telah dijalankan oleh penternak babi untuk merawat air buangan dari kandang babi ini seperti membina kolam pengoksidaan. Terdapat kurang maklumat tentang keberkesanan kolam-kolam yang dibina. Dalam kajian ini, kualiti air buangan dari dua buah ladang penternakan babi di daerah Serian, Sarawak dibandingkan. Ladang yang dipilih adalah ladang yang mempunyai 8,000 populasi berdiri babi (PBB) yang menggunakan sistem banyak kolam (ladang TB) manakala satu lagi ladang Ladang mempunyai 800 PBB dan menggunakan sistem satu kolam sahaja (ladang HB). Kolam pengoksidaan ladang TB menurunkan kandungan efluen TSS, BOD5, COD, dan NH3-N masing-masing sebanyak 54%, 39%, 35% dan 56%, manakala ladang HB menurunkan masing-masing sebanyak 29%, 15%, 10% and 9%. Kepekatan DO dari ladang TB dan HB masing-masing meningkat 40% dan 13%. Nilai nitrat menurun ke 65% pada air sampel daripada ladang TB tetapi meningkat ke 11% di ladang HB. Walaupun ladang TB mempunyai sepuluh kali ganda PBB daripada ladang HB, namun hasil akhir yang dikeluarkan mempunyai kualiti air yang lebih baik daripada ladang HB. Oleh itu dicadangkan sekurang-kurangnya pembinaan tiga buah kolam berasingan dengan saiz yang tertentu digunakan dalam rawatan air buangan dari kandang babi sebelum air dikeluarkan ke sungai.
Key words: pig wastewater, oxidation pond, water quality, Sarawak
REFERRENCES
Choo, P.Y., Taiganides, E.P., Yap, T.C., and Lim, Y.S. 1987. The Swine Industry in Selangor. Animal Waste Management And Pollution Control Project, Department of Veterinary Services, Petaling Jaya.
Clesceri, L.S., Greenberg, A.E. and Eaton, A.D. 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 20 th Edition. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC.
DOE. 1994. Interim National Water Quality Standards. In: Final Report on Development of Water Quality Criteria and Standards for Malaysia (Phase IV-River Classification Vol. 2). Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Malaysia.
Hach, 1996. DR/2010: Spectrophotometer Instrument Manual. For use with the software Ver. 3. Hach Company.
Kinson, T., Greer, T., and Mohamad, S. 2001. Water Effluent From Pig Farm in Sabah-A Preliminary Investigation of Key Environmental Issues. State Environmental Conservation Department (ECD), Sabah, Malaysia.
Lee, C.Y., Lee, C.C., Lee, F.Y., Tseng, S.K., and Liao, C.J. 2004. Performance of subsurface flow constructed wetland taking pretreated swine effluent under heavy loads. Bioresource Technology, 92:173-179.
NREB. 1996. Buku Rekod untuk Penternakan Babi di Sarawak. Lembaga Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar, Sarawak.
Rahman, Z.A. 2001. Water Quality Management in Malaysia. Department of Environment, Ministry of Science, Technology and Environment, Malaysia.
SAD, 2002. Agriculture Statistics of Sarawak. Agriculture Department of Sarawak. 81-92.
Taiganides, E.P. 1986. Pig Waste Management and Recycling. International Development Research Centre, Singapore.
Teoh, S.S., Taiganides, E.P., and Yap, T.C. 1998. Engineering design parameters of wastes from pig farms in Malaysia. Biological Waste 24: 95-104.
Tchobanoglous, G. and Burton F.L. 1991. Wastewater Engineering-Treatment, Disposal and Reuse. 3rd Ed. Metcalf and Eddy, Inc. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.
