Malays. Appl. Biol. 35(1): 15–26
ECOLOGY AND RESPONSE OF AMORPHOPHALLUS BORNEENSIS (ENGL.) ENGL. & GEHRM TO SHADING
IPOR, I.B.*, TAWAN, C.S., ZAINI, R., SINGKA, R.C., SIMON, A. and SIDI, M.
Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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ABSTRACT
The distribution of Amorphophallus borneensis (Engl.) Engl & Gehrm, that is considered a new record in Sarawak, was resoluted by using 6 plots of 1 hectare (100 m x 100 m) that were subdivided into 25 subplots (20 m x 20 m) at Gunung Gayu, Padawan. The total number of plants of A. borneensis in the 6 plots was 138 plants. Generally the plants occurred 2 to 4 meter from the large trees such as Shorea macropyhlla, Koompassia excelsa, Durio zibethinus and Baccaurea macrocarpa. The petioles were ranged between 0.95 mm – 20.5 mm diameter above ground surface petiole diameter with their height between 120.5 cm – 180.5 cm. The dry weight of 32 individual plants sampled were in the ranged of 4.5 g – 660.1 g. There was a strong relationship in the vegetative parts of A. borneensis that was between height and ground surface petiole diameter (y = 34.41x + 29.80 in which R2 = 0.899). The forest at Gunung Gayu was dominated by Shorea macrophylla (IV = 64.21), Durio zibethinus (IV = 21.87), Baccaurea macrocarpa (IV = 17.87), Baccaurea angulata (IV = 16.73) and Koompassia excelsa (IV = 15.18). The high percentage of sand (82 ± 0.85%) indicated that A. borneensis grown in well-drained soil. The effects of shading were also studied on A. borneensis under three different shade levels (0%, 50% and 75% shade levels). The result indicated that the plants were growing well under 75% shade level.
ABSTRAK
Taburan Amorphophallus borneensis (Engl.) Engl & Gehrem yang dipercayai rekod penemuan pertama di Sarawak telah ditentukan di kawasan Gunung Gayu dengan menggunakan 6 plot dengan keluasan satu hektar bagi setiap plot (100m x 100m) dan dibahagikan kepada 25 subplot (20m x 20m). Jumlah keseluruhan A. borneensis bagi 6 plot tersebut adalah 138 individu dengan purata 23 individu dalam 1 hektar. Kebanyakan daripadanya tumbuh dalam jarak antara 2 hingga 4 meter dari pokok-pokok besar seperti Shorea macropyhlla, Koompassia excelsa, Durio zibethinus dan Baccaurea macrocarpa. Diameter petiol di permukaan tanah bagi A. borneensis rata-ratanya mempunyai julat di antara 0.95mm – 20.5mm manakala tinggi keseluruhannya pula lebih banyak dalam lingkungan 120.5cm – 180.5cm. Berat kering purata bagi 32 pokok yang mempunyai julat antara 4.5g – 660g ialah 116.98g. Hubungan di antara ketinggian dan diameter batang di permukaan tanah memberikan korelasi yang lebih kuat antara bahagian- bahagian pokok (y = 34.41x + 29.80 which R2 = 0.899). Bagi struktur hutan di Gunung Gayu, spesies yang paling dominan ialah Shorea macrophylla (IV = 64.21), Durio zibethinus (IV = 21.87), Baccaurea macrocarpa (IV = 17.87), Baccaurea angulata (IV = 16.73) and Koompassia excelsa (IV = 15.18). Peratusan pasir sebanyak 82 ± 0.85% dalam komposisi tanah menunjukkan A. borneensis hidup dengan subur dalam struktur tanah yang mempunyai pengudaraan yang baik bagi menjamin pertumbuhan akarnya. Kesan lindungan keatas tumbesaran A. borneensis telah dijalankan dengan mengunakan tiga tahap lindungan (0%, 50% dan 75% lindungan). Keputusan menunjukkan A. borneensis tumbuh lebih baik pada tahap lindungan 75%.
Key words: Amorphophallus borneensis, distribution, soil composition, shading, biomass allocation
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