Malays. Appl. Biol. (2007) 36(2): 7–13
STUDIES ON THE ACTIVITY OF SOLUBLE NON-VOLATILES ANTIFUNGAL SECRETED BY BACILLUS SUBTILIS
MUSKHAZLI, M.*, LEONG, P.P., NOR AZWADY, A.A., NALISHA, I., NOR FARIZAN, T., SIRAJ, S.S. and FARIDAH, Q.Z.
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Bacillus subtilis was chosen as a biological control agent against pathogens, due to its omnipresence in soils and existence as resistant spores. This study investigates the solubility of non-volatile antifungal constituents (NVAF’s) produced by B. subtilis in Sabouroud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and activity against the growth of Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium ultimum. A strain of B. subtilis was initially inoculated in Potato Dextrose Broth for three incubation period of 24h, 36h and 48h of stock preparation before cultured onto SDA. An in vitro inoculation of B. subtilis allowed the NVAF constituents to diffuse into the agar layer. The 60h diffusion of B. subtilis on SDA proved to be the most effective in allowing significant amount of NVAF to diffuse into the agar and inhibits the growth of P. ultimum and R. solani between 0.225 – 0.2406cm and 0.8692 – 1.0722cm, respectively. However, the duration of incubation periods did not show any correlation with the NVAF activity against P. ultimum, although the highest activity of NVAF was observed at 36h and 48h of stock incubation periods against P. ultimum and R. solani, respectively.
ABSTRAK
Bacillus subtilis telah dipilih sebagai agen kawalan biologi terhadap patogen berdasarkan kepada sifat kemandirian di dalam tanah dan kewujudannya sebagai spora resistan. Kajian ini menyelidik kelarutan bahan antikulat tidak meruap (NVAF) yang dihasilkan oleh B. subtilis di dalam Agar Saboroud Dextrose (SDA) dan aktiviti NVAF terhadap pertumbuhan Rhizoctonia solani dan Pythium ultimum. Bacillus subtilis diinokulat di dalam media cecair Potato Dextrose Broth untuk tiga tempoh inokulasi iaitu 24j, 35j dan 48j sebagai persediaan stok sebelum dikultur di atas SDA. Inokulasi B. subtilis secara in vitro membenarkan bahan antikulat tidak meruap (NVAF) meresap ke dalam lapisan agar. Diffusi B. subtilis selama 60j di atas SDA merupakan tempoh yang paling efektif bagi membenarkan jumlah bahan aktikulat tidak meruap meresap masuk ke dalam lapisan agar secara signifikan dan merencat pertumbuhan P. ultimum dan R. solani masing-masing di antara 0.2250 – 0.2406sm dan 0.8692 – 1.0722sm. Namun begitu, kesan inokubasi stok tidak menunjukkan sebarang korelasi dengan aktiviti NVAF terhadap P. ultimum, walaupun aktiviti NVAF tertinggi diperhatikan bagi inkubasi stok 36j masing-masing bagi P. ultimum dan R. solani.
Key words: Bacillus subtilis, Non-volatiles antifungal, Saboroud Dextrose Agar, solubility
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