Malays. Appl. Biol. (2007) 36(1): 67–72
ASPECTS ON THE BIOLOGY OF GARRA CAMBODGIENSIS AND MYSTACOLEUCUS MARGINATUS (CYPRINIDAE) FROM ULU DUNGUN, TERENGGANU
MAZLAN, A.G.1*, SAMAT, A.1, AMIRRUDIN, A.2 and ANITA, T.2
1 School of Environmental Studies and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor
2 Unit Penyelidikan Ekosistem Air Tawar (UPEAT), Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, University College of Science and Technology Malaysia (KUSTEM), 21030 Kuala Terengganu
*E-mail:
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
ABSTRACT
Several biological aspects of Garra cambodgiensis and Mystacoleucus marginatus collected from Ulu Dungun, Terengganu were studied. G. cambodgiensis is a cyprinid fish species living sedentarily by scraping algae on the cobble stone in the headwater river system. Whereas M. marginatus is a pelagic cyprinid fish species established abundantly along the headwater stream. At the time of sampling (June 2003), the growth conditions for both species were predicted using an allometric length-weight relationship and Fulton Condition Factor (K) mathematical model. The results showed that G. cambodgiensis displayed a fair growth condition with a regression value ‘b’ = 2.414 whilst M. marginatus displayed an outstanding growth condition with ‘b’ = 3.231 respectively. These growth conditions for both species were further confirmed by the Fulton Condition factor values for both species. It is envisaged that the growth conditions of both species were closely related to the mode of feeding established by both species at the time of sampling. This is closely related to annual seasonal cycle. Stomach content and trophic level analysis denoted that G. cambodgiensis is a kind of herbivore whilst M. marginatus is an opportunistic feeder, feeding on plant materials and small aquatic organism.
ABSTRAK
Beberapa aspek biologi Garra cambodgiensis dan Mystacoleucus marginatus yang telah dikumpulkan dari Ulu Dungun, Terengganu telah dikaji. Hasil kajian menunjukkan G. cambodgiensis adalah ikan cyprinid sedentari hidup secara mengikis lapisan algae pada permukaan batu sungai. Manakala M. marginatus adalah ikan cyprinid pelagik yang sangat melimpah dalam sistem ulu sungai. Pada masa kajian dijalankan (Jun 2003), keadaan tumbesaran bagi kedua- dua spesies ikan tersebut diramalkan dengan mengunakan model allometrik perkaitan panjang-berat dan model matematik Faktor Keadaan Fulton (K). Hasil kajian menunjukkan G. cambodgiensis memaparkan keadaan tumbesaran yang biasa seperti mana ditunjukkan oleh nilai pekali regressi ‘b’ = 2.414, manakala M. marginatus pula memaparkan keadaan tumbesaran yang sangat baik dengan nilai ‘b’ = 3.231. Anggaran keadaan tumbesaran bagi kedua-dua spesies ini seterusnya dipastikan lagi dengan nilai-nilai yang diperolehi dari model Faktor Keadaan Fulton. Hasil kajian juga menunjukkan bahawa keadaan tumbesaran bagi sesuatu spesies ikan lebih dipengaruhi oleh tabiat pemakanan masing-masing pada waktu persampelan. Ini adalah berkait rapat dengan kitaran musim pada sesuatu tahun. Analisis kandungan perut dan paras tropik menunjukkan bahawa G. cambodgiensis adalah herbivor manakala M. marginatus pula spesies opportunistik yang memakan bahan tumbuhan dan organisma akuatik kecil.a
Key words: Biology of cyprinids, Growth condition, Trophodynamic analysis, Resource partitioning
REFERRENCES
Aizam, Z.A., Che-Roos, S. and Ang, K.J. 1983. Some aspects of the biology of ‘Ikan Kelabau’ Osteochilus melanopleura (Bleeker). Pertanika 6(3): 99-106.
Ali, A.B. and Kadir, B.K.A. 1996. The reproductive biology of the cyprinid, Thynnichthys thynnoides (Bleeker), in the Chenderoh Reservoir - a small tropical reservoir in Malaysia. Hydrobiologia 318: 139- 151.
Balon, E.K. 1981. Additions and amendments to the classification of reproductive styles in fishes. Env. Biol. Fish. 6: 377–389.
Carlander, K.D., Lewis, W.M., Ruhr, C.E. and Cleary, R.E. 1952. Abundance, growth and condition of yellow bass, Morone interrupta in clear lake, Iowa, 1941 – 1951. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 82: 91-103.
De Silva, K.H.G.M. 1991. Population dynamic and production of the rocky stream-swelling fish Garra cylonensis (Cyprinidae) in Sri Lanka. J. Trop. Ecol. 7: 289-303.
De Silva, S.S., Schut, J. and Kortmulder, K. 1985. Reproductive biology of six Barbus species indigenous to Sri Lanka. Environmental Biology of Fishes 12(3): 201-218.
Haroon, A.K.Y. and Pittman, K.A. 1997. Rice- fish culture: feeding, growth and yield of two size classes of Puntius gonionotus Bleeker and Oreochromis spp. in Bangladesh. Aquaculture 154(3-4): 261-281.
Hyslop, E.J. 1980. Stomach content analysis – a review of methods and their application. J. Fish Biol. 17: 411-429.
Jobling, M. 1993. Bioenergitics: feed intake and energy partitioning. In. Rankin, J.C. and Jensen F.B. (eds). Fish Ecophysiology. 1 – 44 pp. Chapman & Hall, London.
Jobling, M. 1995. Environmental Biology of Fishes. pp.455. Pub. Chapman & Hall, London.
Jonathan, E.M.B., Craig, H.T. and Simon, N.S. 2004. 2004 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. A Global Species Assessment. The IUCN Species Survival Commission. 191 pp.
Khan, M.S., Ambak, M.A. and Mohsin, A.K.M. 1988. Food and feeding biology of a tropical freshwater catfish, Mystus nemurus C.&V. with reference to its functional morphology. Indian J. Fish. 35(2): 78-84.
Khan, M.S., Lee, P.K.Y., Crampton, J. and Zakaria-Ismail. 1996. Freshwater fishes of Pahang River basin Malaysia. Wetland International–Asia Pacific. Pub., 112: 1-82.
Kottelat, M., Whitten, A.J., Kartikasari, S.N. and Wirjoatmodjo, S. 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Ltd., Republic of Indonesia. 221 pp. (+ plates).
Lowe-McConnell, R.H. 1987. Ecological studies in tropical fish communities. Cambridge, University Press Cambridge, XIII + 382p.
Mathur, D. and Ramsey, J.S. 1974. Reproductive biology of the rough shiner, Notrapis hailey L, in Malawakee Creek, Alabama. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 1: 88-93.
Mazlan, A.G., Samat, A., Mohd. Sazwan, M. & Zaidi, C.C. 2005. An eco-biological study of the ichthyofauna in the Ulu Segama river tributaries, Danum Valley Conservation Area. In: Laily B.Din, Muhammad Yahya, A. Norhayati, M.S. Nizam, Waidi Sinun and A. Latif (Eds.). Danum Valley Conservation Area: Physical, Biological and Social Environment. Yayasan Sabah-UKM Publ. 231-243.
Mazlan, A.G., Samat, A. & Ambak, M.A. 1997. Notes on freshwater fish assemblages and their habitats in the Ulu Segama river tributaries, Sabah, Malaysia. Fisheries Management and Ecology 4, Blackwell Science Ltd. Oxford: 337- 338 pp.
Mazlan, A.G. & Abdullah, S. 1995. Notes on Lobocheilus bo (Popta) (Pisces: Cyprinidae) from Danum Valley, Sabah, Malaysia. Malayan Nature Journal 49: 47-49 pp.
Machiels, M.A.M. and A.M. Henken, 1985 Growth rate, feed utilization and energy metabolism of the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell, 1822), as effected by dietary protein and energy content. Aqua- culture 44: 271–284.
Pentecost, A. 1984. Introduction to freshwater algae. Kingprint Limited. Richmond, Surrey, UK. 245 p.
Prescott, G.W. 1984. How to know the freshwater algae (3rd. ed.). Wm. C. Brown Company Publication, Iowa. 293 p.
Rainboth, W.J., 1996. FAO species identification field guide for fishery purposes. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO, Rome.
Specziar, A. 2004. Life history pattern and feeding ecology of the introduced eastern mosquitofish, Gambusia holbrooki, in a thermal spa under temperate climate, of Lake Heviz, Hungary. Hydrobiologia 522: 249-260.
Watson, D.J. and Balon, E.K. 1984a. Structure and production of fish communities in tropical rain forest streams in northern Borneo. Can. J. Zool. 62: 927-940.
Watson, D.J. and Balon, E.K. 1984b. Ecomorphological analysis of fish taxocenes in rainforest streams of northern Borneo. Journal of Fish Biology 25: 371-384.
Weathersley, A.H. and H.S. Gill, 1987. The biology of fish growth. Academic Press, London: 14-21.
Welcomme, R.L. 1985. River Fisheries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 262. 330 pp.
Wootton, R.J. 1990. Ecology of Teleost Fishes. Chapman and Hall, London.
