Malays. Appl. Biol. 41(1): 29–35
VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF WEEDY RICE IN SELANGOR, MALAYSIA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH COMMERCIAL RICE VARIETIES
AHMED, Q.N.1*, ROY, R.2, KAMARUZAMAN, M.1 and OTHMAN, A.S.1
1School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
2School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Pulau Penang, Malaysia
*Email:
This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
; Telephone: +60174119425
ABSTRACT
Malaysia has been facing weedy rice problem in the rice granaries. A random sampling was done in 2010 to collect the weedy rice populations from eight sites of Selangor rice granaries in Malaysia. The study was done to understand the chronology of vegetative and reproductive growth of weedy rice found in Selangor rice granaries. A total of 360 plant accessions were collected and scored in twelve weedy rice morphotypic group on the basis of plant height, panicle type, lemma and palea colour, presence of awn and apiculus colour. Data from different growth stages of these along with four commercial rice varieties (MR84, MR185, MR211 and MR219) were recorded and analyzed. Most of weedy morphotypes were observed having vigorous growth at early growth stage. Most of weedy morphotypes were found 10 to 84% taller with 29 to 61% higher leaf area indexes at all the growth stages. Tillering ability initially was comparatively 69% higher in weedy morphotypes at 14 days after planting and was decreased at later growth stages. Wide range of flowering and maturity periods were observed in weedy morphotypes, where some flowered earlier and some flowered at the same time or later than the commercial varieties. All these characteristics of weedy rice might help to identify them for better control in the rice granaries.
Key words: Weedy rice, vegetative growth, reproductive growth, Selangor rice granaries, Malaysia
REFERRENCES
Arrieta-Espinoza, G., Sanchez, E., Vargas, S., Lobo, J., Quesada, T. and Espinoza, A.M. (2005). The weedy rice complex in Costa Rica. I. Morphological study of relationships between commercial rice varieties, wild Oryza relatives and weedy types. Genetic Resource and Crop Evolution, 52: 575-587.
Azmi, M., Abdullah, M.Z., Mislamah, B. and Baki, B.B. (2000). Management of weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.): the Malaysian experience. In B.B. Baki, D.V. Chin and M. Mortimer (Eds.), Proceedings of Wild and Weedy Rice in Rice Ecosystems in Asia – A Review (p. 91-96). International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
Azmi, M., Muhamad, H. and Mislamah, A.B. (2004). Weedy rice control technology’s manual, 4th ed. Serdang, Selangor: MARDI and Jabatan Pertanian Malaysia. pp. 8-18.
Bakar, B.B., Bakar, M.A. and Man, A.B. (2000). Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Peninsular Malaysia. In B.B. Baki, D.V. Chin and M. Mortimer (Eds.), Proceedings of Wild and Weedy Rice in Rice Ecosystems in Asia – A Review (p. 51-57). International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos, Philippines.
Begum, M., Juraimi, A.S., Man, A., Rastan, S.O.S. and Amartalingam, R. (2008). Weed flora of different farm blocks in block-1 of Muda rice granary in peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Bioscience, 19(1): 33-43.
Choudhary, N., Ahuja, U., Chawla, V., Jain, R.K., Kumari, P. and Batan, K.R. 2011. Morphological and molecular variability in weedy rices of Haryana. Asian Journal of Agricultural Research. 5(5): 250-259.
FAOSTAT (2011). FAO Statistical Database. Food and Agricultural Organization. Accessed 22nd November 2011. [www.fao.org/].
Gealy, D.R. (2005). Gene movement between rice(Oryza sativa) and weedy rice (Oryza sativa) -a US temperate rice perspective. In J. Gressel,Crop Ferality and Volunteerism (p. 323-354).CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida.
Graf, B., Rakotobe, O., Zahner, P., Delucchi, V. andGutierrez, A.P. (1990). A simulation model forthe dynamics of rice growth and development.I. The carbon balance. Agricultural Systems, 32:341-365.
Hamid, Z.A.A. (2007). Studies on biology andcontrol measures selected of weedy rice in ricecultivation. PhD Thesis, Universiti SainsMalaysia, Penang, Malaysia.
IRRI. (2002). Standard Evaluation System for Rice.Rice Knowledge Bank. International RiceResearch Institute, International Rice ResearchInstitute, Los Banos, Philippines.
Karim, R.S.M., Man, A.B. and Sahid, I.B. (2004).Weed problems and their management in ricefields of Malaysia: An overview. Weed BiologyManagement, 4: 177-186.
Kwon, S.L., Smith, R.J. and Tallbert, R.E. (1992).Comparative growth and development of redrice (Oryza sativa). Weed Technology, 5: 811-816.
Langevin, S.A., Clay, K. and Grace, J.B. (1990). Theincidence and effects of hybridization betweencultivated rice and its related weed red rice(Oryza sativa L.). Evolution, 44: 1000-1008.
Shivrain, V.K., Burgos, N.R., Agrama, H.A., Lawton-Rauh, A., Lu, B., Sales, M.A., Boyett, V., Gealy,D.R. and Moldenhauer, K.A.K. (2010). Geneticdiversity of weedy red rice (Oryza sativa) inArkansas, U.S.A. Weed Research. Availableonline: DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2010.00780.x.
SPSS. (2004). SPSS 13.0 for windows. SPSS Inc.,The Apache Software Foundation, Chicago,Illinois, USA.
Tewari, A.N. (2008). Weedy rice and itsmanagement. In Y. Sing, V.P. Sing, B. Chauhan,A. Orr, A.M. Mortimer, D.E. Johnson and B.Hardy (Eds.), Direct seeding or rice and weedmanagement in the irrigated rice-wheatcropping system of the Indo-Gangetic plains (p.205-211).
Yoshida, S. (1981). Fundamentals of Rice CropScience. International Rice Research Institute,Los Banos, Philippines.
