Malays. Appl. Biol. (2018) 47(3): 101–107
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND GC-MS PROFILE OF
ROYAL JELLY FROM SELECTED AREAS IN MALAYSIA
NORHAMIDAR AB HAMID1, AINUL BAHIYAH ABU BAKAR1 and MAHANEEM MOHAMED1,2*
1Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
2Unit of Integrative Medicine, School of Medical Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
*E-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Accepted 1 May 2018, Published online 30 June 2018
ABSTRACT
Royal jelly (RJ) is rich with phytochemical compounds and nutritional contents with various biological properties. However, no study has been reported on these compositions for RJ that is originated from Malaysia. Hence, the objective of this study was to determine and compare the phytochemical composition and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of RJ of honey bee (Apis mellifera) from Penang (north region) and Johor (south region) of Malaysia. Both samples from Penang and Johor consist of protein (14.71 vs. 14.02%), lipid (0.48 vs. 0.53%), carbohydrate (16.11 vs. 14.39%), ash (1.02 vs. 0.97%), moisture (67.70 vs. 70.10%), and energy (127.5 vs. 118.5 Kcal/100 g). A total of twenty-four and twenty-one volatile compounds were identified, and major compounds were trans-10-Hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (25.19 vs. 29.71%), 10-Hydroxydecanoic acid (16.30 vs. 14.44%) and 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethyl (6.07 vs. 5.52%) in RJ from Penang and Johor, respectively. In conclusion, RJ from Penang, which was harvested during dry season, had higher percentages of protein, carbohydrate, ash and energy as well as had more volatile phytochemical compounds than RJ from Johor, suggesting the variation in the composition that may be related to the geographical location and floral sources. Our data suggest that Malaysian RJ is enriched with nutritional contents and phytochemical compounds with good biological properties that can be a potential source of nutraceutical ingredients.
Key words: Nutrient analysis, GC-MS, royal jelly, phytochemical compounds
