Malays. Appl. Biol. (2018) 47(6): 19–27
EFFECT OF ETHANOL IN ULTRASONIC ASSISTED
EXTRACTION TECHNIQUE ON ANTIOXIDATIVE
PROPERTIES OF PASSION FRUIT (Passiflora edulis) LEAVES
MOHAMAD KHAIRI ZAINOL1*, WONG KEAT YI1, ZAMZAHAILA MOHD ZIN1,
KHAIRIL SHAZMIN KAMARUDIN2, MUHAMMAD DANISH-DANIEL ABDULLAH3,
NG KHAI SHIN1 and HASMADI MAMAT4
1School of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
2Centre for Fundamental and Liberal Education, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
3School of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
4Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,
88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia
*E-mail: This e-mail address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it
Accepted 18 September 2018, Published online 31 December 2018
ABSTRACT
The leaves of Passiflora edulis (Passion fruit) traditionally used in American countries as a folk medicine to treat both anxiety and nervousness. They are rich in polyphenols which have been reported as natural antioxidants. In this study, five concentrations of ethanol (15%, 30%, 45%, 60% and 75%) were used in the extraction of P. edulis leaves extracted using ultrasonic-assisted technique. Ultrasonic-assisted solvent extraction is a method that uses high frequency mechanical vibration to increase the effectiveness of the desire compound to be dissolved into the solvent. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were determined in this study. Antioxidant capacity was assessed with FTC, TBA and DPPH. The highest extraction yield was obtained using water extraction. The extract obtained by 75% ethanol showed the highest antioxidant activity by DPPH (2,2- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay (85.17 ± 0.36%) and Ferric Thiocyanate (FTC) test where the absorbance obtained was 0.09 ± 0.00. The same extract also exhibited the highest flavonoids content (90.94 ± 0.15 mg QE/g sample). The extract obtained by 15% ethanol exhibited the highest antioxidant activity in Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) assay (56.22 ± 5.01%). Apart from that, the highest phenolic content was found in 60% ethanol (57.08 ± 0.29 mg GAE/g sample). These results indicate that the leaves of P. edulis could be a potential source of natural antioxidants which can be used in dietary applications.
Key words: Passion fruit leaves, antioxidative activities, ultrasonic-ethanol assisted technique
